The Genetic Factors of Learning Disabilities Essay

The National Institute of Neurologic Disorders defines learning disorders as a; condition that either prevents or significantly hinders somebody from learning basic skills or information at the same rate as most people of the same age. It is important to note that this does not mean that the individual has less intelligence; it means that their brain or body is wired in a way that hinders or prevents development of a certain tasks. Many people often confuse learning disabilities with mental retardation but while both words describe similar conditions, the term learning disability and learning disorder are used to describe conditions that affect development in certain cognitive areas in otherwise healthy developed individuals. Millions of†¦show more content†¦This is a very real problem and one in which educators of today and tomorrow will have to face day in and day out. The roots of learning disabilities have been debated for ages. There is a general consensus that both genetics and environment play hand in hand in learning and general temperament formation but the extant of each is debatable. This led me to my central question of what extent has current genetic research proved regarding the role of genes in the development of learning disorders. I am interested in what genetically linked disorders are most prevalent in school aged children and plan to detail the signs and symptoms of the three most prevalent disorders and the current believe about their causes at molecular level. The first learning disorder that I would like to discuss is Fragile X syndrome. Fragile X, often called Martin-Bell syndrome for it’s the man who discovered it is a trinucleotide repeat disorder that is found on the sex chromosome X. Fragile X was discovered by Bell in 1943 after he examined a family in which all the boys showed signs of mental retardation. He disc overed that the boys X chromosome he found that the long arm had become thin and fragile looking. Fragile X affects the genders separately due to its location on a sex linked chromosome. The disorder affects 1 in every 3600 males but only 1 in 4000-6000 females. (World Health Organization) As true with other sex-linkedShow MoreRelatedCharacteristics Of Learning Individuals With Learning Disabilities810 Words   |  4 Pages Learning disabilities is a general term to describe a group of learning problems. Students with LD are highly represented in general education classes. LD is the largest single disability area. The cause of learning disabilities remains unknown but are believed to have been associated with some kind of brain function. Organic, genetic, and environmental are three major factors that have been hypothesized as possible causes. Organic factors include indications of brain differences in size or functioningRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd )1243 Words   |  5 Pages ADHD induces Learning Disorder Student’s Name Institution Introduction 　　　　Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and learning disorder are two mental conditions that mostly affect children. They are caused by a mixture of environmental and genetic factors relating to affected children. Even there are similar characteristics of the two conditions; they are distinct in features and occurrence. However, it is the similarity of the two conditions that has drawn the attentionRead MoreEssay on Factors that Influence Development in Children1081 Words   |  5 PagesUNDERSTAND THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE’S DEVELOPMENT AND HOW THESE AFFECT PRACTICE There are various personal factors which can affect the development of children and young people. When a child is conceived, their genetics are formed. It is becoming increasingly apparent that as well as deciding, hair colour our genetics can influence addiction, depression and self-esteem issues. A baby’s development can also be affected during pregnancy. A mother’s lifestyle can alsoRead MoreAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1042 Words   |  5 Pagesdo not know the exact cause of autism but are investigating links that may suggest they could be heredity, from genetics and medical problems. â€Å"In many families, there appears to be a pattern of autism or related disabilities that support that the disorder has a genetic basis. No one gene has been identified as causing autism, researchers are searching for irregular segments of genetic code that children with autism may have inherited. researchers are investigating the possibility that under certainRead MoreThe Prob lem Of Human Development1536 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscover any exact influences of normal human development, nor have they been able to uncover the exact causes of developmental abnormalities (Disabilities). What they have found can seem quite confusing and has caused much debate among those trying to tackle the answer to the question. Is ones developmental trajectory determined by the highness of their genetics or what they experience from the environment to which they are raised? Because of the spectrum of disciplines that this subject crosses theRead MoreThe Role Of Outdoor Activities For Special Educational Needs1444 Words   |  6 Pages(SENs) and to explain the implications of relevant legislation to outdoor education practice. A legal meaning can be applied to SEN: â€Å"The Education Act 1996 legally defines children with SEN as children who have a considerably greater difficulty in learning than others the same age. SEN includes consideration for communication, physica l and sensory, emotional difficulties that require support, this includes children who are not necessarily disabled† (SEN, Wales). Many SENs can be encountered when participatingRead More Special Education Essay1616 Words   |  7 Pages Since the passing of The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), schools are required to serve all students regardless of their disability in a least restrictive environment. Due to increase in the number of students being identified and placed in general education classrooms, educators can expect to serve students with disabilities. It is important to understand the different types of disabilities, the characteristics of these disabilities, and causes; in order to ensure the successRead Morenvq level 2 unit 422-2541748 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Understand Physical Disability Outcome 1 1. Explain why it is important to recognise and value an individual as a person A. It is important to recognise an individual as a person as it is their human right to be seen as such. If an individual is not seen as a person it devalues them and isolates them from everyday society making them feel â€Å"different†. 2. Describe the importance of recognising an individual’s strengths and abilities A. Recognising a person’s strengths and abilitiesRead MoreSymptoms And Possible Treatment Options For Apert Syndrome1473 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to the National Institutes of Health (NIH, 2013), Apert syndrome is a genetic disease that results in the premature fusion of the sutures between the bones of the skull (craniosynostosis), which causes an abnormally shaped head and face. Apert syndrome accounts for approximately 4.5% of all craniosynostosis syndromes, with an estimated birth prevalence of 1:64,500 (Giancotti et al., 2014, p. 1445). Because children with Apert syndrome exhibit a variety of craniofacial and central nervousRead Moreessay LD201866 Words   |  4 Pagescitizenship of individuals with learning disabilities †¢ Disability Discrimination Act †¢ Human Rights Act †¢ Equality Act †¢ Health and Social Care Act (Regulated activities) †¢ Essential Standards †¢ Mental Capacity Act. †¢ National Health Service and Community Care Act 1990 †¢ Company policies and procedures †¢ Disability Equality Duty 2006.. 1.2 Explain how this legislation and policies influence the day to day life of individuals with learning disabilities and their families. The influence

Nigeri The Western Coast Of Africa - 1151 Words

Nigeria is located on the western coast of Africa, surrounded by Benin, Cameroon, and Niger. This country is known to have one of the largest populations among the African countries. Falola (3) says that not only it has large population, but also its land size is a little bigger than the size of the U.S. state of Texas. Nigeria has about 170 million residences which is about half of current population in United States. In other words, Nigeria has a very dense population regarding its size of land. Within 170 million people, there are twelve dominant ethnic groups, such as Yoruba, Hausa, Igbo, Fulani and etc., and about 200 more distinct ethnic groups are present. Therefore, hundreds of different languages are also used in Nigeria. Lastly,†¦show more content†¦Cultivation of root crops is practiced by the central part of Nigeria, while cultivation of cereal crops are practiced in Northern savannah region (Gordon, 2003). Furthermore, Nigeria, at first, was involved in the slave trade for mutual beneficial interaction. But as time went by, the mutual beneficial interaction changed to one-sided trade; it only benefited the several societies with wealth and power, but destroyed the other groups of society. But later in 1800s, the slave trade was abolished (Gordon 2003). According to Graham, in 1884 British colonized Nigeria officially at the Berlin Conference. British used force and violence to control Nigeria. Although there were riots by Nigerians, all of them were suppressed (Graham 2009). Meanwhile, British practiced in indirect rule of Nigeria; British colonization changed many aspects of Nigeria including language, education, religion, economy, transportation, and etc. So this Legacy paper will discuss about the legacy of Nigeria on religion, economy, and demographic followed by British Colonization. Nigeria has two major religions, which are Islam and Christianity. Fifty percent of populations believe in Islam, forty percent of populations believe in Christianity. Christianity is one of the legacies that British had left. Gordon said that religion was one of the ways for Nigerians used to resolve political, economic, and social

Dreamland Free Essays

In the book Dreamland Sarah Dessen explores and illustrates physical abuse and loving someone so much that you can not leave. Catlin O’Koren shows many signs of getting abused such as bruises, feeling mentally drained and using drugs to escape the pain. By the middle of the book Catlin’s friend Rina suspects something is wrong with Catlin but says nothing because she feels it might ruin their friendship. We will write a custom essay sample on Dreamland or any similar topic only for you Order Now Catlin then becomes emotionally and physically attached to Rogerson, and if she ever if late for something she fears that he might hurt her, but she for some reason also feels safe around him. In the book Dreamland the main character Catlin O’Koren deals with many challenges such as, her sister Cass running away, physical abuse, and later going to rehab for drugs. At the beginning of the book the main character Catlin woke up on her birthday to find a present from her sister Cass sitting outside of her door with a letter attached to it saying that she had run away. †My sister Cass ran away the morning of my sixteenth birthday, she left a present, wrapped sitting outside my door (Pg. 1, Par. 1)†. Cass was supposed to go to Yale in a few days but was feeling too much pressure from her parents to be perfect, so Cass ran away with her boyfriend Adam to be together. Catlin then becomes lost without Cass around and feels she has no one to tell her feelings to since Catlin has been with Cass her whole life. In the middle of the book Catlin was watching Television when she saw Cass on a television show called â€Å"The Larmont Whipper Show† Catlin and Her parents finally find out that Cass has run away to New York, and watch the show everyday to try and catch a glimpse of Cass. Cass finally decides to call home and tell them where she went and that she is okay, but Catlin will not talk to her because she is afraid to hear her sister’s voice again. Catlin then gets a letter at the end of the book from Cass saying that she was not happy and Yale was the last place she wanted to be. By the end of the book when Catlin comes home from Rehab Cass is there at her welcoming home party. Cass running away was a prime example of the challenges that Catlin faced throughout the book. â€Å"One thing I have learned over the past couple of months, it is that sometimes you have to close your eyes and just jump (pg. 38, par. 16)†. Catlin First meets Rogerson at the car wash and vacuum station when she was getting quarters for her friend to clean her car. Catlin’s friends had an opinion about Rogerson, and that opinion was right, that he looks like a drug dealer. Their relationship starts off with Catlin seeing Rogerson’s dad abusing him because h e was late to one of their parties. Rogerson then feels the need to get his anger out by hitting Catlin. Rogerson first abuses Catlin after the athletic banquet at school, because he had to wait a long time for Catlin after she stopped to see if Rina was okay â€Å"when he hit me, I didn’t see it coming. It was a quick blur, a flash out of the corner of my eye, and then the side of my face exploding, burning, as his hand slammed against me ( )†. This was Catlin’s thought as Rogerson hit her for the first time. Rogerson then began to hit Catlin all the time, even over the slightest thing, if she showed up late to anything, was seen with another guy, or even just for fun, he would hit her. Rogerson then began hitting Catlin places where it was not noticeable and she could cover it up easily. Catlin then became an avid drug user to drown her feelings since she was not able to tell anybody about Rogerson abusing her. The last time that Rogerson hit Catlin was because Rina took Catlin to her lake house and she was late to meet Rogerson at her house. She knew the hit was coming but never expected it to be as hard as it was. The hit was so hard that when he hit her and she got out of the car and fell on to her lawn and blacked out. He began kicking her telling her to get up, when Catlin’s mother came out of the house to stop Rogerson and called the police on him. Rogerson then went to jail but even after him hitting her she still loved him. This is book is a love story about loving someone so much that you cannot leave. Rogerson hitting Catlin is an example of physical abuse loving someone a little too much. At the end of the book Catlin finally admits to her parents about doing drugs to escape the pain and ends up going to Evergreen, a rest care facility. When she first gets there she is very shy and does not want to talk to her therapist, but once she is there longer she begins to open up and tell him about what had happened to her. While she was in the rest care facility she thought about Rogerson constantly and how she still loves him and misses him â€Å"After all that happened, how could I miss him? But I did. I did (pg. 233 par. 27)†. This is Catlin explaining that after all that happened with Rogerson she still missed him. After a month of being in Evergreen Catlin was making a lot of progress and was let out of the facility. When she arrived home she was surprised by a welcome home party with Rina, Boo, Stewart, and her mom and dad. Catlin starts telling everyone about her time at evergreen when her sister Cass shows up to the party. Catlin seeing Cass there was like a sense of relief and that she could finally take a deep breath and get out of dreamland. Catlin going to Evergreen, then coming home to see Cass was a brilliant way to end the book and Catlin going to Evergreen was something people should know a little more about. Catlin faces many challenges in the book such as her sister Cass running away, physical abuse, and going to rehab for drugs. Sarah Dessen does this in a very compelling and interesting way. This was a great topic to read about and everyone should be informed about how physical abuse can mentally and physically hurt you. Sarah Dessen does a great job explaining a difficult topic for some people. How to cite Dreamland, Essay examples